Latex allergy and its clinical features among healthcare workers at Mankweng Hospital, Limpopo Province, South Africa

摘要

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Latex allergy, caused by sensitisation in atopic individuals, is a common occupational disease among healthcare workers who use latex gloves. It may be present in non-atopic individuals as well. The main objective of this study was to document the prevalence and disease spectrum of latex allergy at Mankweng Hospital, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The secondary objective was to determine clinical presentation of the disease.METHODS. A cross-sectional descriptive study, with an analytical component, was conducted among healthcare workers who worked inhigh-risk areas for latex sensitisation. ImmunoCAP testing was performed and followed by a skin-prick test (SPT) in those who testednegative to the blood test.RESULTS. Two hundred screening questionnaires were distributed to healthcare workers at the hospital. Of these 158 (79.0%) were returned,with 59 participants meeting the inclusion criteria (experiencing symptoms due to wearing latex gloves). The mean age of the participantswas 39.6 years (standard deviation 9.8 years, range 20 - 60 years). There were more females (98.1%) than males (1.9%). Glove-relatedsymptoms were present in 59 subjects (37.1%), in 7 (11.9%) of whom the ImmunoCAP was positive to latex (95% confidence interval4.2 - 22.9%). Fourteen participants were lost to follow-up before the SPT was performed. Thirty-eight of the participants with negativeImmunoCAP tests underwent SPT. Positive SPTs were reported in 5 of these 38 workers (13.2%), indicating that the ImmunoCAP testmissed 11.1% (5/45) of latex-allergic individuals. The prevalence of latex allergy in this study was 8.3% (12/144). A denominator of 144 wasused, as there is a possibility that some of the 14 individuals lost to follow-up could have tested positive to latex sensitisation by SPT. Thesymptoms experienced by latex-sensitised workers were rhinitis (100.0%), asthma (50.0%), dermatitis (25.0%), severe anaphylaxis (8.3%), abdominal pain (8.3%) and angio-oedema (8.3%).CONCLUSION. Our findings reveal that latex allergy is a problem at our hospital. The prevalence of 8.3% is comparable to findings in otherSouth African centres. We recommend a latex-free protocol for high-risk areas and healthcare workers.